Resorce Learning (Learning Resources) is very important in the learning process. Key to success in the learning process can not be separated from the use of appropriate learning resources. Sources of learning in general can be divided into 2 kinds of learning resources designed (resorce learning by design) and useful learning resources (learning resorce by utization).
Learning resources contained in the message, people, materials equipment, engineering and the environment. The message is what is contained and to be submitted in the learning process. People are actors, in this case there are two things that is the subject and object. Material or equipment is just what materials are involved in learning resources as a learning process. While the technique is a way of making and use of learning resources. Environment is a place where the source is located or the learning environment itself is used as a source of learning.
One source of learning is by design that there is a virtual learning resource. Source of learning by design is a response from the more advanced information and communication technology. Virtual learning resources can now be made through a computer, Internet, Mobile and information technology and other communications.
According Hardjito (2005) argued that virtual learning resource is divided into 2 types of learning resources via the Internet and multimedia. In the next jabaran virtual learning via the Internet can be e-learning, virtual university, on-line courses, on-line tutorials, the provision of learning materials, electronic library, Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI).
According to Purwanto (2005) may be a multimedia tutorial, drill and practice, simulations, experiments or experiments, and games.
2. PROBLEM
In order to widen the discussion does not focus the discussion and should be limited. In this paper the problem is:
1) What is meant by a virtual learning resource?
2) How to use a virtual learning resource by special internet in the learning process?
3. DISCUSSION
3.1. Source of Learning by virtual
Source virtual learning by a learning resource is designed in such a way that can do things that are real hard to do and not possible repetition. For example helay comet approaches the earth, the flowers become fruit changes, fotositesis process, natural disasters such as tsunamis. These things can not be repeated or can not be done directly. Then to visualize it in the learning process required a virtual learning resource.
We have a virtual learning resource is encountered. Although learning by virtual source can be computer software, internet or mobile phones, but the most widely used is the computer and the internet. This is certainly related to the capacity or capability of the computer and internet which is better than mobile phones. But with more advanced mobile dating period of to the virtual learning model will be more interesting.
Virtual learning resource is divided into two kinds of Internet resources and multimedia learning, although both are difficult to separate. Because of the Internet is a multimedia multimedia or otherwise developed by the Internet.
Terms of use of the Internet and computers as a source of learning there are 3 types of CAI, CAL and cbl. CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) is a source of learning is a learning process that uses computer-assisted techniques. Or can also be said that learning to use computers as a source of learning. Characteristics of CAI is an interactive, computer self-study and provide guidance (in Rieber Purwanto, 2000).
CAL (Computer Assisted Learning) has the same meaning with the CAI. CAI and CAL both emphasized as a source of independent learning. In general, CAI and CAL only a matter enrichment.
While cbl (Computer Based Learning) is used as a learning computer (the bulk of the contents), some basic material used as the main thing. Cbl is suitable for distance learning (distance learning).
3.2. E-learning
As already explained above that the virtual learning resources in everyday life can be e-learning. E-learning can be defined simply as distance learning using the Internet as a source of learning. With the internet easily and cheaply in the community. Virtual learning resource in the form of e-learning can be an email or can also be a website.
Implementation of e-learning in Indonesia is already long enough, or distance education since done. Now e-learning was used for the purposes of higher education, secondary education and teacher education such as the Asian Internet Interconections Initiatives, APEC Cyber Education Network (ACEN), Southeast Asia Global Distance Education Network and owned OSOL Pustekkom.
Asian Internet Interconections Initiatives, is a coordinated network of ITB which was built in 1996. We have already 21 higher education institutions and the private land involved in this network that aims to Internet backbone for the development of education in the Asia Pacific region, the development of Internet technology for education, research and development of Internet information covering aspects of science, technology, culture, social and the economy.
APEC Cyber Education Network (ACEN), an Internet network that aims to reduce inequalities school teachers in the use of high level information and communication technology. This network is coordinated by the Research and Education Ministry. This network bridging the teachers to create a web magazine (webzine) article teachers scattered in Jakarta and Semarang Jigjakarta. Currently there are members of ACEN 50 high schools and vocational high schools both public and private (Hardjito, 2005).
Southeast Asia Global Distance Education Network, which became the subject of this is the Teaching Learning, Technologi, Policy and Program and Management. In this case serves as a coordinator Pustekkom IDLN (Indonesian Distance Learning Network) and as a server.
Pustekkom's OSOL, One School One Lab is a new program of Education Ministry through Pustekkom. The program announced that all secondary schools in the year 2009 should already have at least 1 piece of computer lab with Internet access. Current backbone network is being built to OSOL covers the whole of Indonesia by using fiber optic.
3.3. Virtual University
Virtual virtual university or university, in Indonesia has been established in 2001 which was held by the Foundation with the name of Indonesia risen risen University Indonessia program Teledukasi (MOM Teledukasi). All learning resources used either via the internet virtual or through multimedia.
3.4. On-line courses
is one of the virtual education via the Internet. One of the pioneers in online courses is the University of Petra Surabaya (www.petra.ac.id) who have done online courses for the field of international bussines management, accounting, electrical engineering, Bahasa literature, Civil Engineering, Instrial Engineering, Informatics and Visual Communication Design .
Educational Technology graduate Lampung University also began to use virtual courses in 2006, although still in the testing stage.
Pioneer high school level the use of on-line courses are SMUK 1 Sower and SMK 6 Jakarta country where teachers provide tasks over the internet both individually and in groups. In the discussion so that they formed a mailing list that enable the students to each other can be a discussion of on-line.
3.5. On-line tutorial
Online tutorial currently the most widely used is the Open University and Pustekkom through his e-dukasi.net. As the only university to hold distance learning Open University has been doing e-learning, and currently do penyelengaaran tutorial on-line via the Internet. In addition there are also several mailing lists for students to form good berdikusi with his mentor or between students.
3.6. Provision of learning materials
Several universities and private land has equipped its facilities by providing teaching materials, whether in the form of lecture material maupuan other materials intended to enrich the science knowledge of students. This material is a professor of writing, modules, adaptations of books, and processing seminar.
To complete the high school teaching materials especially for the high school has been developing an open Pustekkom module via the Internet.
One of the mainstay products of the E-Pustekkom dukasi.net. Contained in this website is a good teaching materials for teachers and for students. Categories currently available are junior high, high school and vocational. Content for primary schools and early education are being developed over.
In an e-dukasi.net available some learning materials in the form of basic materials, Module Online, Popular Knowledge, and Test Question Bank Competence. Material choices can be tailored to the needs and interests of students or teachers.
Basic materials, the subject matter there are some learning materials ranging from elementary, junior high, high school and vocational. These learning materials can be selected per subject and per-topic. These materials can be didown load and can be used by teachers as teaching materials in schools. The contents of the subject matter being developed together with the new basic material.
Online module, this module is a module originally printed self-learning materials for junior high and high school students is open. This material is then converted into digital and equipped with animation and links as a feature of teaching materials that are virtual. These modules can also didown load and can be printed in accordance with our needs.
Popular Knowledge, an item that provides the practical knowledge needed to know by the public. This knowledge will provide benefits to solving problems of everyday life is packed in everyday language.
Question Bank, is a collection of questions to test students in national exams. Kontenya also for elementary, junior high and high school. This question bank is online. Collections are available because more than 20,000 question consisting of the national exam, UAN, UN, SPMB, UMPTN and Sipenmaru. Each was given an answer key questions and discussion so that each student is doing about it can check the extent to which problems can be done.
Competency Test, test the ability to provide services to a particular material. Competency Test contains several questions to test the mastery or competence subjects each semester by the number of ditiap predetermined questions.
3.7. Electronic Library
Several prominent universities such as ITB and UGM has been providing electronic library or digital library is known as a network. One of them is idln.tib.ac.id which is an electronic library network of several universities both public and the private sector and various agencies penetian and development in Indonesia.
3.8. Electronic Books
One of the government programs in providing inexpensive book is an electronic book. These books are available in www.bse.depdiknas.gi.id. The books can be downloaded and printed for free. If there is going to publish the books must be sold according to the price determined by the government between Rp. 4000.00 up to Rp. 15.000,00.
Electronic book is intended for government programs to achieve quality education and mensukses compulsory 9 years of work. These books have been purchased by the government copyright in the 10-year period. Thus, publishers are selling books no longer need to pay the author rolyalti.
Although up to now is still very difficult to download the electronic book, but this is one of the breakthroughs that have been made by the government in providing cheap books. There are some weaknesses that have these programs is still very difficult as mendown load material must sometimes for hours to log in and download only 1 book title and eventually the book becomes more expensive than we buy in the market.
Besides, the current publisher kebanayakan are in Java so for distribution to areas such as Sumatra and the high cost would make the book difficult to be realized cheaply. This can be overcome if governments are willing and able to print school books in the area and distribute them so that the price has been determined can be achieved.
The third weakness most of the books purchased by the government's copyright was not from the books written by famous authors and experienced that sometimes teachers are reluctant to use the book. The government should buy the copyright to the writers who are well known and not a novice writer. Although these books have been getting an appraisal from a related party.
3.9. Computer Assisted Intruktion (CAI)
CAI is another form of e-learning has also been developed by several universities, especially the Open University. CAI is a form of Interactive Multimedia program for high school or to vocational. Source virtual learning with CAI dimaksukan for students or teachers that have not been able to enjoy a virtual learning resource directly through the internet. CAI usual dirangcang for students to berlajar ranging from slow-fast-learner and learner.
There are 2 types of multimedia that is currently developed curriculum approach and topic approach. This program is made by following the current curriculum by taking into account the level and education level of each topic by taking on a particular subject. Also included are also the examples found in daily life.
For the purposes of e-learning and Internet-based virtual learning, in fact technology owned quite a lot available. Various software for developing e-learning site is also fairly widely available in the market. One of the programs or software used to manufacture materials e-learning is the HTML (Hipertext Markup Language). We have also been available WSYWIG programs which the display is the same with the results. It's just as educational technology staff is more important than the HTML WYSWIG, because HTML is more technical and if there is the source of learning kendalam designed or made easily traceable.
3:10 is using Virtual Learning Resources
Virtual learning resources both in the form of a Multimedia or Internet has several advantages compared with books, audio, video or television. The most prominent advantage is the interaction. Students or teachers can interact directly with the source of learning is used.
Other benefits of learning resources can dipelajar repeatedly without restriction and changes (display) and can also get feedback (feed back). This is because the source of learning memungkingkan has provided an answer or an answer key.
According to Alan Chute from Lucent Technology mengelompokan this technology to the learning of model 3 (Hasan, 2001). In the model are as follows:
1. Model 1 Classroom Learning. Learning resource can be used for classroom use means of mass and the same time. This depends on the contents provider and the bandwidth provided. The greater the bandwidth capacity compared with the user provided the user will be more comfortable. It could be use in the same time in the same room, can also in the same time in different rooms.
2. Model 2 standardized Learning. Characteristics of standardized student learning is learning a different place. In this model the Internet and multimedia is the right solution. Every student who studies a different location because of the geographical position, where the school is far away, because they have limited time to work it can select a virtual learning resource access anywhere and anytime with ease. As an archipelagic state in the form of very large and with such geographical source is either a virtual learning and multimedia Internet is suitable to be developed and used.
3. Model 3 Just in Time Learning. This model also has the same cirri standardized model of good learning time, place or different ages, so will pebelajar complexity menambaha if met. This learning resource is accessible to cook for anyone according to their ability and their respective conditions.
According Kurniawati (2008) there are several ways the use of virtual learning resource utilization directly (on-line), use of indirect (off-line), model of learning in the classroom, model assignments, discussion groups.
Utilization of direct (on-line), Internet learning resources can be used directly or on-line. This can be done if there is a process where pembejaran available internet connection. Direct utilization can be performed classical and can be done individually.
Utilization of indirect (off-line), indirect use can be done if the school only has computer facilities and internet connection can not. Besides it can also be used if the internet connection is limited. Thus it can save expenses and payment of toll.
Model learning in class, class of learning models can also be done in two ways, namely the on-line and off-line depending on the conditions and circumstances in the field.
Model assignment, penugas model can also be done if the environment or the place where tinggai students or teachers available facilities and infrastructure to access the Internet and multimedia. This will increase significantly the ability of students because they have the time to learn a longer.
Discussion groups, discussion groups can also form on-line in chat forums or mailing lists. Thus problems understood and solved can be studied further discussion.
4. CONCLUSION
From the discussions that have been made available following conclusion:
1. Source learned by the virtual is a source of learning that comes from the Internet and multimedia. This study Sumberr designed in such a way that can make things difficult for real and repetition is not possible, a very long events, events that endanger, experiments that require expensive and others.
2. Pemanfaatkan source virtual learning may be done to Classroom Learning, Distance learning and time is just learning. Besides, a virtual learning resource can be used by way of direct learning, learning is not direct, model assignments, and discussion groups.
5. REFERENCES
Belawati, Tian. Et al. Education Open and Distance Learning, London: Open University.
Hardjito, 2005. Opportunities and Challenges E-Learning Implementation in Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustekkom.
Hasan, Taufik. 2001. The Role of ICT in Distance Learning, study materials for the seventh International Symposium on Open and Distance Learning. Jakarta: Pustekkom
Kurniawati, 2008. ICT Training Module for Teachers Materials E-dukasi.net.Jakarta: Pustekkom.
Purwanto, 2005. Interactive multimedia. Jakarta: Pustekkom.
www.e-access dukasi.net dated October 20, 2008
Access www.unila.ac.id October 20, 2008
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